Which factor does NOT affect soil pH?

Soil pH is influenced by various factors that can alter the acidity or alkalinity of the soil. Temperature does not have a direct effect on soil pH, which is why it is the correct choice for the question.

The primary reason temperature does not affect soil pH is that pH levels are largely determined by the chemical composition of the soil, the presence of organic matter, moisture levels, and biological activity. While temperature can influence biological processes and organic matter decomposition indirectly, it does not change the inherent pH level of the soil itself in the same direct manner as the other factors listed.

In contrast, organic matter decomposition can produce organic acids, which lower soil pH. Soil texture affects how water and nutrients are retained, which can influence chemical reactions that lead to changes in pH. Fertilizer use often introduces elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, which can directly affect soil pH levels as they interact with soil minerals and organic matter.